Buda Castle rises dramatically from Castle Hill, its imposing silhouette forming a defining element of Budapest's skyline. This historic complex traces its origins to 1241 when King Béla IV ordered its construction following the devastating Mongol invasion. Over seven centuries, the castle evolved through successive reconstructions, reflecting Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and finally Neoclassical architectural styles as it served as the royal residence for Hungarian kings. The current palatial structure largely dates from the 18th century when Empress Maria Theresa commissioned a grand expansion, though significant portions were reconstructed after World War II damage.
The castle complex now serves as Hungary's premier cultural repository, housing three major institutions within its walls. The Hungarian National Gallery occupies much of the main palace, displaying the nation's artistic heritage from medieval altarpieces to contemporary works. The Budapest History Museum in Wing E presents fascinating archaeological finds from the castle's medieval foundations alongside exhibits tracing the city's development. Completing the trio, the National Széchényi Library safeguards priceless manuscripts including the first book printed in Hungary.
Beyond the palace buildings, the surrounding Castle District preserves a remarkably intact medieval urban landscape. Wandering the cobbled streets reveals Gothic churches, 15th-century burgher houses, and the remains of the original defensive walls. The district's southern terrace offers what many consider Budapest's finest panoramic view, taking in the Danube, Margaret Island, and the Pest skyline across the river. At night, the illuminated castle creates a magical spectacle visible from across the city, while the historic funicular provides a charming ascent from the riverbank below.
